Juan Carlos Valdés Godínes Gustavo Arroyo Delgado
In this paper we incorporate theoretical and conceptual elements of disciplines such as anthropology, communication, education, psychology, complexity theory, among others, with the aim of structuring a broad and diverse epistemological basis for a better understanding of digital learning and the so called digital skills (DiSk). The approach of an ecosystem relationship strengthens the vygostkyan idea of a socio cultural learning that fosters the development of complex higher psychological processes, derived from a digital environment, pointing to a type of digital intelligence also, formed by the implementation of a certain type socio-cultural-cognitive skills that can be identified as DiSk. We mention that the approach and use of ICT is a complex cultural phenomenon itself in a variety of everyday environments in which we can say that digital technology objects are embedded in everyday life causing a type of culture to which Lévy (2007) called cyberculture. To it “digital” becomes a characteristic of technological objects and becomes main feature of a way of being and living. Similarly humans alone would not cut without the presence of the object named knife, nor "googlearía", "chatearía", "facebookearía" without the presence of digital objects; ie, those simple daily activities that invade the environment would not be possible without the presence of non-human actors, digital technology objects, in the case the so called cyberculture. We say that these everyday digital practices are not conditional on the uses of technological objects, either a so-called virtual spaces, but are ways of being, ways of living independent of technology, so we can see that DiSk are not only skills for handling instruments, the question is more complex because it involves a transition to ways of living and thinking. The role of the environment is essential as a supplier of raw materials for the formation of DiSk as these skills allow the creation of what Bartra (2013) calls "cultural prosthesis", processes and strategies involved in generating these "prosthesis" we can identify them as DiSk. We propose that digital learning is a superior process of Collective Intelligence and that intelligence is in the social networks that have always existed, where connectivity between people is not limited to space, nor time, nor to activities, is why the image of the school as replicating information is not sufficient to achieve better learning. Another theoretical foundation we are proposing to understand the emergence of DiSk, is the recovery of the idea of "tripartite mind", i.e. cognition, affect and conation. Which together are essential for troubleshooting and improve the productivity. This reflection helps us understand a little more the characteristics of DiSk and contemporary phenomenon we might call digital learning.
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